Healthcare Recruiter

A

• Abdomen: The part of the body between the chest and pelvis, housing vital organs such as the stomach, liver, and intestines.
• Abdominal Aorta: The section of the aorta that runs through the abdomen, supplying blood to the abdominal organs and lower limbs.
• Abdominal Muscles: A group of muscles in the front of the abdomen that support the trunk, allow movement, and hold organs in place.
• Abdominoplasty: A surgical procedure, also known as a tummy tuck, to remove excess abdominal skin and tighten underlying muscles.
• Abduction: Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
• Ablation: A treatment that removes or destroys tissue, often used to treat irregular heartbeats or remove tumors.
• Abrasion: A superficial wound caused by scraping or rubbing of the skin.
• Abscess: A collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body, often due to infection.
• Acetabulum: The cup-shaped socket in the hip bone that holds the head of the femur, forming the hip joint.
• Acetaminophen: A common over-the-counter medication used to relieve pain and reduce fever.
• Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter involved in muscle activation and various brain functions.
• Achilles Tendon: The tendon connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone, essential for walking and running.
• Achlorhydria: A condition characterized by the absence of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions.
• Acne: A skin condition involving the oil glands at the base of hair follicles, leading to pimples, blackheads, and cysts.
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): The advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely weakened immune system.
• Acromegaly: A hormonal disorder resulting from excess growth hormone, leading to enlarged bones in the hands, feet, and face.
• Acupuncture: A traditional Chinese medicine practice involving the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to alleviate pain and treat various conditions.
• Acute: Describes a condition with a rapid onset and a short, severe course.
• Addiction: A chronic disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, continued use despite harmful consequences, and long-lasting changes in the brain.
• Adenocarcinoma: A type of cancer that forms in mucus-secreting glands throughout the body.
• Adenoma: A benign tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue.
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): The primary energy carrier in all living organisms’ cells.
• Adhesion: A band of scar tissue that binds two parts of tissue or organs together, often occurring after surgery.
• Adipose Tissue: Body fat; a connective tissue that stores energy and insulates the body.
• Adjuvant Therapy: Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk of the cancer returning.
• Adrenal Glands: Small glands located on top of each kidney that produce hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline.
• Adrenaline (Epinephrine): A hormone released by the adrenal glands that increases heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism.
• Advance Directive: A legal document stating a person’s wishes regarding medical treatment if they become unable to communicate.
• Afferent Nerves: Nerves that carry sensory signals to the central nervous system.
• Aging: The process of becoming older, characterized by a gradual decline in physical and sometimes mental capacity.
• Agonist: A substance that activates a receptor to produce a biological response.
• Airway: The path that air follows to get into and out of the lungs.
• Albumin: The most abundant protein in blood plasma, essential for maintaining the oncotic pressure needed for proper distribution of body fluids.
• Alkalosis: A condition in which the body’s fluids have excess base (alkali), leading to a higher than normal pH.
• Allergen: A substance that can cause an allergic reaction.
• Allergy: An immune system reaction to a foreign substance that’s not typically harmful to the body.
• Alopecia: The partial or complete absence of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows; baldness.
• Alzheimer’s Disease: A progressive neurological disorder that causes brain cells to waste away, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline.
• Ambulatory Care: Medical services provided on an outpatient basis, without admission to a hospital.
• Amnesia: A deficit in memory caused by brain damage, disease, or psychological trauma.
• Amniocentesis: A medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis, where a small amount of amniotic fluid is sampled to screen for developmental abnormalities.
• Amniotic Fluid: The protective liquid contained within the amniotic sac that surrounds and cushions the fetus during pregnancy.
• Amputation: The removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.
• Analgesic: A class of drugs used to relieve pain.
• Anaphylaxis: A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly.
• Anemia: A condition in which the blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells, leading to fatigue and weakness.
• Aneurysm: An abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel.
• Angina: Chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscles, often a symptom of coronary artery disease.
• Angiography: A medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs, particularly to detect blockages or abnormalities.
• Angioplasty: A procedure to restore blood flow through the artery, typically involving the insertion of a small balloon to widen the vessel.
• Ankylosing Spondylitis: A type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, causing inflammation and, over time, the vertebrae to fuse.
• Anorexia Nervosa: An eating disorder characterized by a severe restriction of food intake, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image.
• Antibiotic: A type of medication used to treat bacterial infections by killing bacteria or preventing their growth.
• Antibody: A protein produced by the immune system that helps fight infections by recognizing and binding to foreign substances like bacteria and viruses.
• Anticoagulant: A medication that helps prevent blood clots from forming, also known as a blood thinner.
• Antidepressant: A medication commonly prescribed to alleviate symptoms of depression by altering neurotransmitter levels in the brain.
• Antigen: A foreign substance that triggers an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies.
• Antihistamine: A medication that blocks histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergy symptoms like itching, swelling, and runny nose.
• Antioxidant: A substance that inhibits oxidation and neutralizes free radicals, which can damage cells and contribute to aging and diseases.
• Antipyretic: A type of medication that reduces fever, often found in over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
• Anxiety Disorder: A mental health condition characterized by excessive, persistent worry and fear that can interfere with daily activities.
• Aorta: The main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
• Aortic Aneurysm: An abnormal enlargement of the aorta, which can be life-threatening if it ruptures.
• Aphasia: A condition that affects a person’s ability to communicate, typically resulting from a stroke or brain injury.
• Arrhythmia: An irregular heartbeat, which can vary from harmless to life-threatening depending on the type and severity.
• Arteriosclerosis: The thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, often due to aging or high blood pressure.
• Arthritis: Inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain, stiffness, and limited movement.
• Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat joint problems through a small camera inserted into the joint.
• Asbestosis: A lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, which leads to lung scarring and breathing problems.
• Aspiration: The act of inhaling fluid or foreign material into the lungs, which can cause respiratory issues.
• Asthma: A chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflamed airways that narrow and produce extra mucus, causing difficulty breathing.
• Atherosclerosis: A disease in which plaque builds up inside arteries, potentially leading to heart attack or stroke.
• Atrophy: The wasting away or decrease in size of a body part or tissue, often due to lack of use or disease.
• Autoimmune Disease: A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues, as seen in diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
• Autopsy: A postmortem examination of a body to determine the cause of death and other contributing factors.

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B

• Bacteria: Microscopic single-celled organisms that can be beneficial or cause infections in humans, such as strep throat or tuberculosis.
• Bacterial Endocarditis: An infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, often caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream.
• Bariatric Surgery: Surgical procedures performed to help with weight loss in individuals with severe obesity, such as gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy.
• Basal Cell Carcinoma: A common, slow-growing type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells, often due to sun exposure.
• Basilic Vein: A large vein in the arm that is commonly used for intravenous access or blood draws.
• Bedsores (Pressure Ulcers): Injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin, common in individuals confined to bed or wheelchair-bound.
• Bilirubin: A yellow pigment formed by the breakdown of red blood cells, high levels of which can indicate liver or gallbladder issues.
• Bipolar Disorder: A mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, including emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression).
• Biopsy: A medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body for examination under a microscope, often to diagnose cancer.
• Bladder: A hollow organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine from the kidneys before disposal.
• Blood-Brain Barrier: A filtering mechanism of capillaries that protects the brain from harmful substances in the bloodstream while allowing essential nutrients through.
• Blood Pressure: The force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, measured in two numbers: systolic (when the heart beats) and diastolic (when the heart rests).
• Blood Transfusion: A procedure in which donated blood or blood components are given to a patient through an IV, often used in surgery or trauma.
• Body Mass Index (BMI): A measure of body fat based on an individual’s weight and height, commonly used to assess obesity or underweight.
• Bone Density Test: A test that measures the strength and density of bones, often used to diagnose osteoporosis.
• Bone Marrow: The soft, spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are produced, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
• Botulism: A rare but serious illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which can cause paralysis.
• Bradycardia: A slower-than-normal heart rate, typically less than 60 beats per minute in adults.
• Brainstem: The part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord and controls basic body functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
• Breast Reconstruction: A type of surgery for women who have had a breast removed (mastectomy), involving procedures to rebuild the shape of the breast.
• Bronchi: The main passageways into the lungs, which branch off from the trachea and allow air to flow into each lung.
• Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often causing coughing, mucus production, and difficulty breathing.
• Bunion: A bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe, often due to wearing tight shoes or genetic factors.
• Bypass Surgery: A surgical procedure that creates a new pathway around a blocked artery to restore blood flow, often used in cases of heart disease.

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C

• Calcification: The buildup of calcium in body tissues, often leading to hardened tissues or arteries and seen in conditions like arteriosclerosis.
• Calcium Channel Blockers: A class of medications used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and certain heart arrhythmias by relaxing blood vessels.
• Calorie: A unit of measurement for energy derived from food. The body uses calories for essential functions and physical activity.
• Cancer: A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth that can invade and damage surrounding tissues and organs.
• Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to move between blood and tissues.
• Cardiac Arrest: A sudden loss of heart function, leading to loss of consciousness and breathing, often requiring immediate resuscitation.
• Cardiac Catheterization: A medical procedure where a thin tube is inserted into the heart through a blood vessel to diagnose and treat heart conditions.
• Cardiomyopathy: A disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood, potentially leading to heart failure.
• Cardiovascular Disease: A broad term for diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels, including heart disease, stroke, and hypertension.
• Carotid Artery: Major arteries in the neck that supply blood to the brain, neck, and face; blockages can lead to stroke.
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A condition caused by pressure on the median nerve in the wrist, leading to pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and arm.
• Cartilage: Flexible connective tissue found in joints, the rib cage, ear, nose, and other body parts that provides structure and support.
• Catheter: A flexible tube inserted into the body to remove or deliver fluids, commonly used in urinary, cardiovascular, and respiratory care.
• Cellulitis: A bacterial skin infection that can spread to deeper tissues, causing redness, warmth, swelling, and pain.
• Cerebellum: A part of the brain located at the back of the skull, responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and balance.
• Cerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain tissue, often due to a ruptured blood vessel and a common cause of stroke.
• Cerebral Palsy: A group of neurological disorders affecting movement, muscle tone, and posture, typically caused by injury to the developing brain.
• Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): The clear fluid surrounding and cushioning the brain and spinal cord, providing protection and nutrient transport.
• Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): Another term for stroke, occurring when blood flow to the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to brain cell death.
• Chemotherapy: A type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells.
• Chiropractic: A healthcare profession focused on diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders, particularly those affecting the spine.
• Chlamydia: A common sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria, often without symptoms but can lead to serious reproductive issues if untreated.
• Cholesterol: A fatty substance found in the blood, essential for building cells but can increase the risk of heart disease if levels are too high.
• Chronic Disease: A long-lasting or persistent health condition, such as diabetes or hypertension, which requires ongoing management.
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A group of lung diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, causing breathing difficulties.
• Cirrhosis: A condition in which the liver becomes severely scarred and unable to function properly, often due to alcohol abuse or hepatitis.
• Claudication: Pain or cramping in the lower leg due to inadequate blood flow to the muscles, often associated with peripheral artery disease.
• Clinical Trial: A research study conducted with human participants to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of medical treatments, drugs, or devices.
• Coagulation: The process of blood clotting to stop bleeding; disorders in coagulation can lead to excessive bleeding or clotting.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A type of psychotherapy that helps patients identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors.
• Colitis: Inflammation of the colon, often causing abdominal pain, cramping, and diarrhea, commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
• Colonoscopy: A procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the colon for signs of disease, such as polyps or cancer.
• Comorbidity: The presence of one or more additional health conditions coexisting with a primary condition, often complicating treatment.
• Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): A condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and extremities.
• Conjunctivitis: Also known as pink eye, an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane covering the white part of the eye, often due to infection or allergies.
• Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG): A surgical procedure used to improve blood flow to the heart by diverting blood around blocked coronary arteries.
• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): A disease in which plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart and increasing the risk of heart attack.
• Corticosteroids: Anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat a variety of conditions, including arthritis, asthma, and autoimmune diseases.
• Creatinine: A waste product in the blood, filtered out by the kidneys; high levels can indicate kidney dysfunction.
• Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, causing mucus to become thick and sticky, leading to breathing and digestive problems.
• Cystoscopy: A procedure where a thin tube with a camera is inserted through the urethra to examine the bladder and urinary tract.
• Cytology: The study of cells, particularly for the detection of diseases like cancer by examining cell samples.

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D

• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): A condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs, which can lead to complications if it travels to the lungs.
• Dementia: A broad category of brain diseases that cause a decline in cognitive function, affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities.
• Dental Caries: Also known as tooth decay or cavities, a breakdown of teeth due to bacterial activity in the mouth.
• Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin, causing itching, redness, and rashes; includes types like contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis (eczema).
• Diabetes Mellitus: A group of diseases characterized by high blood sugar due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance.
• Diabetic Neuropathy: Nerve damage caused by diabetes, often leading to numbness, tingling, and pain, especially in the feet and hands.
• Dialysis: A medical procedure that removes waste and excess water from the blood, used in patients with kidney failure.
• Diastolic Pressure: The lower number in a blood pressure reading, representing the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.
• Diethylstilbestrol (DES): A synthetic form of estrogen once prescribed to prevent pregnancy complications, later found to cause health risks in exposed individuals.
• Differential Diagnosis: The process of differentiating between two or more conditions that share similar symptoms to determine the correct diagnosis.
• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A physical examination where a healthcare provider checks for abnormalities in the rectum, often used to screen for prostate issues.
• Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A condition in which the heart’s ability to pump blood is decreased because its main pumping chamber is enlarged and weakened.
• Diphtheria: A bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the throat and nose, often preventable by vaccine.
• Diplopia: Also known as double vision, a condition in which a person sees two images of a single object.
• Direct Contact Transmission: The spread of infectious disease through direct physical contact, such as touching an infected person.
• Disc Herniation: A condition in which a disc in the spine ruptures or slips, pressing on nearby nerves and causing pain.
• Dislocation: An injury in which the ends of bones are forced from their normal positions, commonly affecting joints like shoulders or fingers.
• Diuretic: A medication that helps the body eliminate excess salt and water, often prescribed for high blood pressure and edema.
• Diverticulitis: Inflammation or infection of diverticula (small pouches) in the digestive tract, causing abdominal pain, fever, and digestive issues.
• Dopamine: A neurotransmitter that plays a role in reward, motivation, and mood regulation, often linked to mood disorders when levels are imbalanced.
• Doppler Ultrasound: A noninvasive test that uses sound waves to measure blood flow, commonly used to assess circulation in veins and arteries.
• Down Syndrome: A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, leading to developmental and physical differences.
• Dyslipidemia: An abnormal level of lipids (fats) in the blood, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Dyspnea: Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, a symptom that can be related to a range of respiratory and cardiovascular conditions.
• Dystonia: A movement disorder that causes involuntary muscle contractions, leading to repetitive movements or abnormal postures.

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E

• Echocardiogram: An ultrasound test that creates images of the heart, used to evaluate its structure and function.
• Eczema: Also known as atopic dermatitis, a skin condition characterized by red, itchy, inflamed patches of skin.
• Edema: Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body’s tissues, often affecting the legs, feet, or ankles.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): A test that records the electrical activity of the heart, used to diagnose heart conditions.
• Electroencephalogram (EEG): A test that records brain wave patterns, often used to detect seizures and other brain disorders.
• Electrolytes: Minerals in the blood, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, that help regulate nerve and muscle function and maintain fluid balance.
• Embolism: The sudden blockage of an artery, often by a blood clot, air bubble, or other substance, which can lead to serious complications.
• Emphysema: A chronic lung condition in which the air sacs (alveoli) are damaged, causing difficulty breathing and often associated with smoking.
• Endocrine System: The system of glands that produce hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and other bodily functions.
• Endoscope: A flexible instrument with a camera used to examine the interior of hollow organs and cavities within the body.
• Endoscopy: A medical procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the interior of organs, such as the stomach or colon.
• Endotoxin: A toxin released from the outer membrane of certain bacteria when they die, which can trigger strong immune responses.
• Enzyme: A protein that accelerates biochemical reactions in the body, essential for functions like digestion and metabolism.
• Epiglottis: A flap of tissue located at the back of the throat that prevents food and liquid from entering the windpipe during swallowing.
• Epinephrine: Also known as adrenaline, a hormone and neurotransmitter involved in regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and stress responses.
• Episiotomy: A surgical incision made in the perineum during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery.
• Epistaxis: The medical term for a nosebleed, which can be caused by dry air, injury, or underlying health conditions.
• Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): A common virus that can cause infectious mononucleosis (mono) and has been linked to certain cancers.
• Esophageal Reflux: Also known as gastroesophageal reflux, a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn.
• Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus, often due to acid reflux, infections, or medications.
• Essential Tremor: A neurological condition that causes rhythmic shaking, usually in the hands, head, or voice, unrelated to any underlying disease.
• Estrogen: A primary female sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.
• Exacerbation: A worsening of symptoms, particularly in chronic diseases like asthma or multiple sclerosis.
• Exocrine Glands: Glands that secrete substances through ducts to an external environment, such as sweat, salivary, and mammary glands.
• Exotropia: A type of strabismus where one eye turns outward, leading to misalignment and often requiring vision correction.
• Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): A procedure that uses shock waves to break up stones in the kidney, bladder, or ureter.

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F

• Fascia: A band or sheet of connective tissue beneath the skin that encloses and separates muscles and other internal organs.
• Fasting Blood Sugar: A blood test that measures glucose levels after a person has fasted for at least 8 hours, often used to diagnose diabetes.
• Febrile: Related to or characterized by fever; a febrile illness involves elevated body temperature.
• Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): A screening test that detects hidden blood in the stool, often used to check for colon cancer.
• Femoral Artery: The main artery supplying blood to the lower limb, located in the thigh and commonly used for procedures like angiography.
• Fertility Treatment: Medical treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), used to help individuals and couples conceive.
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): A condition caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy, leading to physical, behavioral, and intellectual disabilities.
• Fetus: The developing human from around the ninth week of pregnancy until birth.
• Fibromyalgia: A chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas.
• Fibrosis: The thickening and scarring of connective tissue, often resulting from injury or inflammation, seen in diseases like cystic fibrosis.
• Fluoroscopy: An imaging technique that uses X-rays to create real-time video images, commonly used to guide diagnostic and treatment procedures.
• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): A hormone that plays a role in reproductive processes by stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles in women and sperm production in men.
• Fracture: A break or crack in a bone, which may require immobilization, realignment, or surgery depending on severity.
• Free Radical: An unstable molecule that can damage cells and is often linked to aging and diseases like cancer.
• Functional MRI (fMRI): A type of MRI that measures and maps brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.
• Fungemia: The presence of fungi or yeast in the bloodstream, which can lead to serious systemic infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
• Fungus: A type of organism, including yeasts and molds, that can cause infections, particularly in the skin, nails, or lungs.

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G

• Gallbladder: A small organ beneath the liver that stores bile, which helps in digesting fats.
• Gallstones: Hardened deposits in the gallbladder that can cause pain, nausea, and inflammation if they block bile flow.
• Gangrene: The death of body tissue due to lack of blood supply or infection, often requiring surgical intervention.
• Gastric Bypass Surgery: A weight-loss procedure that changes how the stomach and small intestine handle food, helping patients lose weight by restricting food intake.
• Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, typically causing diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A digestive disorder where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and potential damage.
• Gene Therapy: A technique for treating genetic disorders by inserting, altering, or removing genes within a person’s cells.
• Genetic Counseling: A service that provides individuals with information about their genetic risks and inherited conditions, often used in family planning.
• Geriatrics: A branch of medicine focused on healthcare for elderly people, including the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.
• Gestational Diabetes: A type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, potentially affecting the health of both mother and baby.
• Glaucoma: A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often linked to high intraocular pressure, which can lead to vision loss.
• Gout: A form of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe pain, swelling, and redness in the joints, often affecting the big toe.
• Granuloma: A small area of inflammation due to tissue injury, infection, or a foreign substance, often seen in chronic inflammatory diseases.
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A rare neurological disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nerves, causing weakness and, in severe cases, paralysis.
• Gynecology: The branch of medicine focused on the health of the female reproductive system, including the diagnosis and treatment of related disorders.

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H

• Hallucination: A perception of something that appears real to the person experiencing it but is not present, often occurring in mental illness or under the influence of drugs.
• Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: An autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism or an underactive thyroid.
• Heart Attack: A medical emergency where blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, often causing chest pain and requiring immediate treatment.
• Heart Failure: A condition where the heart can’t pump blood effectively, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup.
• Hematuria: The presence of blood in the urine, which can be caused by infections, kidney stones, or other underlying conditions.
• Hemiplegia: Paralysis of one side of the body, often resulting from a stroke or brain injury.
• Hemochromatosis: A disorder causing the body to absorb too much iron from food, leading to iron buildup and organ damage.
• Hemodialysis: A type of dialysis that filters waste and water from the blood, used in patients with kidney failure.
• Hemophilia: A genetic disorder where blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding even from minor injuries.
• Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections, toxins, or autoimmune reactions.
• Hernia: The protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in the muscle or connective tissue, commonly occurring in the abdomen.
• Herpes Zoster (Shingles): A viral infection causing a painful rash, often in a single strip on one side of the body, due to reactivation of the chickenpox virus.
• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL): Known as “good” cholesterol, HDL helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing heart disease risk.
• Histamine: A compound involved in immune responses, particularly in allergic reactions, causing symptoms like itching and swelling.
• Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A type of cancer originating in the lymphatic system, characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells.
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): A treatment for symptoms of menopause by replacing hormones that the body no longer produces.
• Hypertension: High blood pressure, a condition that increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health issues.
• Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid gland, producing too much thyroid hormone and leading to symptoms like weight loss, anxiety, and rapid heartbeat.
• Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar, often causing symptoms like dizziness, confusion, and shakiness, commonly seen in diabetes management.
• Hypotension: Low blood pressure, which can cause dizziness, fainting, and, in severe cases, shock.

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I

• Iatrogenic: An illness or injury caused by medical treatment or diagnostic procedures.
• IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome): A gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, including diarrhea and constipation.
• Icterus: Also known as jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels in the blood.
• Idiopathic: A term used when the cause of a disease or condition is unknown.
• Ileostomy: A surgical procedure that creates an opening in the abdominal wall to allow waste to leave the body when the colon or rectum is not functional.
• Immune System: The body’s defense system that protects against infections and diseases, composed of organs, cells, and proteins.
• Immunization: The process of protecting a person from disease through vaccines, which stimulate the immune system to fight infections.
• Immunoglobulins (Ig): Also known as antibodies, proteins produced by the immune system to help fight infections.
• Immunosuppressant: A medication that reduces the activity of the immune system, often used in organ transplant patients to prevent rejection.
• Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD): A device implanted in the chest that detects irregular heartbeats and delivers shocks to restore normal rhythm.
• Impotence (Erectile Dysfunction): The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse.
• Incision: A surgical cut made in the skin or tissues during an operation.
• Incontinence: The inability to control bladder or bowel movements, leading to accidental leakage.
• Indigestion: Discomfort in the stomach often caused by eating, also known as dyspepsia, with symptoms like bloating, nausea, and heartburn.
• Infarction: The death of tissue due to lack of blood supply, commonly referred to as a heart attack when it affects the heart muscle.
• Infectious Disease: A disease caused by pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, that can spread from person to person.
• Inflammation: The body’s response to injury or infection, causing redness, swelling, pain, and heat in the affected area.
• Influenza (Flu): A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses, with symptoms including fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches.
• Informed Consent: The process by which a patient agrees to a medical procedure or treatment after understanding its risks, benefits, and alternatives.
• Inguinal Hernia: A condition where tissue, such as part of the intestine, protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles near the groin.
• Insulin: A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels, essential for energy production and storage.
• Intensive Care Unit (ICU): A specialized hospital unit that provides comprehensive care for critically ill patients with severe health conditions.
• Interstitial Cystitis: A chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain, and sometimes pelvic pain, often without any apparent infection.
• Intravenous (IV): Refers to medication or fluid administered directly into a vein, allowing quick absorption into the bloodstream.
• Intubation: The insertion of a tube into the airway to assist with breathing, commonly used in surgery or critical care.
• Intubation: The insertion of a tube into the airway to assist with breathing, commonly used in surgery or critical care.

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J

• Jaundice: A yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by elevated bilirubin levels, often due to liver disease or bile duct blockage.
• Joint Replacement: A surgical procedure where a damaged joint, such as a hip or knee, is replaced with a prosthetic implant.
• Juvenile Arthritis: A type of arthritis that affects children, causing joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.

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L

• Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive surgical procedure using a laparoscope to examine the abdominal organs through small incisions.
• Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx, or voice box, often resulting in hoarseness or loss of voice.
• Leukemia: A type of cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow, characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
• Leukocytes: Also known as white blood cells, these cells are part of the immune system and help fight infections.
• Lipid Profile: A blood test that measures cholesterol and triglyceride levels, used to assess heart disease risk.
• Liver Function Tests: A group of blood tests used to evaluate the liver’s health and diagnose liver disorders.
• Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL): Known as “bad” cholesterol, high levels of LDL can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Lumbar Puncture: A procedure, also called a spinal tap, where a needle is inserted into the lower spine to collect cerebrospinal fluid for testing.
• Lupus: An autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and brain, causing inflammation and tissue damage.
• Lymph Nodes: Small, bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and store white blood cells, playing a vital role in the immune system.
• Lymphedema: Swelling due to lymph fluid buildup, often in the arms or legs, commonly resulting from lymph node removal or damage.
• Lymphoma: A type of cancer that begins in lymphocytes (white blood cells), affecting the lymphatic system and potentially other organs.

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M

• Macular Degeneration: An age-related condition that causes damage to the macula, leading to central vision loss.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues.
• Malabsorption: The inability to properly absorb nutrients from food, often leading to nutritional deficiencies.
• Malignant: Refers to a tumor or cancer that is aggressive, can invade nearby tissue, and may spread to other parts of the body.
• Mammography: A diagnostic procedure using X-rays to detect breast abnormalities, commonly used for breast cancer screening.
• Mania: An emotional state characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and often impulsive behavior, typically seen in bipolar disorder.
• Mastectomy: Surgical removal of one or both breasts, often performed to treat or prevent breast cancer.
• Mastoiditis: Inflammation or infection of the mastoid bone behind the ear, often a complication of untreated middle ear infections.
• Measles: A highly contagious viral infection causing fever, cough, and a characteristic rash, preventable by vaccination.
• Melanoma: A serious form of skin cancer that develops in melanocytes, the cells that produce skin pigment, and can spread to other organs.
• Meningitis: Inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, which can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections.
• Menopause: The natural biological process marking the end of menstrual cycles, typically occurring in women in their late 40s or 50s.
• Menstrual Cycle: The monthly cycle of changes in the female reproductive system, including menstruation, ovulation, and preparation for pregnancy.
• Metabolism: The chemical processes within the body that convert food into energy and help maintain vital functions.
• Metastasis: The spread of cancer cells from the original site to other parts of the body, forming new tumors.
• Migraine: A type of headache characterized by intense pain, often on one side of the head, and can include symptoms like nausea and sensitivity to light.
• Mitral Valve: One of the four valves in the heart, located between the left atrium and left ventricle, responsible for regulating blood flow.
• Mononucleosis: A viral infection commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, often called “mono” or “the kissing disease.”
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS): An autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, causing nerve damage and leading to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and vision problems.
• Muscular Dystrophy: A group of genetic diseases causing progressive weakness and degeneration of the muscles that control movement.
• Myocardial Infarction: Another term for a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked.
• Myocarditis: Inflammation of the heart muscle, often caused by viral infections, which can affect the heart’s ability to pump blood.
• Myopia: Also known as nearsightedness, a common vision condition where close objects are seen clearly, but distant objects are blurry.

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N

• Narcolepsy: A chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep.
• Nasal Polyp: A noncancerous growth in the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses, often associated with chronic inflammation.
• Nausea: The sensation of feeling the urge to vomit, commonly a symptom of various medical conditions or side effects of medication.
• Neonatology: A branch of medicine focused on the care of newborn infants, particularly those who are ill or premature.
• Nephritis: Inflammation of the kidneys, which can impair their ability to filter waste from the blood.
• Nephrology: The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases.
• Neuralgia: Sharp, severe pain along the path of a damaged or irritated nerve, often occurring in the face or neck.
• Neurotransmitter: Chemical messengers in the brain that transmit signals between nerve cells, playing a role in mood, sleep, and cognition.
• Neutropenia: A condition characterized by an abnormally low number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, making one susceptible to infection.
• Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A diverse group of blood cancers that include any lymphoma except Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
• Nosocomial Infection: An infection acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility, often involving antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
• Nystagmus: A vision condition where the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements, often resulting in reduced or limited vision.

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O

• Obesity: A medical condition where excess body fat negatively impacts health, often measured by a body mass index (BMI) over 30.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A mental health disorder characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
• Oncology: The field of medicine that studies and treats cancer.
• Ophthalmology: The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.
• Optic Nerve: The nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
• Orchitis: Inflammation of one or both testicles, often due to bacterial or viral infections.
• Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease caused by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling.
• Osteoporosis: A bone disease characterized by decreased bone density, making bones more susceptible to fractures.
• Otolaryngology: The branch of medicine dealing with disorders and conditions of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT).
• Ovarian Cyst: A fluid-filled sac within or on the surface of an ovary, which can cause pain or complications if large or ruptured.
• Oxidative Stress: An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, potentially leading to cell and tissue damage.

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P

• Pacemaker: A small, battery-operated device implanted in the chest to regulate abnormal heart rhythms.
• Palliative Care: Specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of serious illness, aimed at improving quality of life.
• Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas, often causing severe abdominal pain and digestive issues, typically resulting from gallstones or alcohol use.
• Pap Smear: A screening test for cervical cancer that involves collecting cells from the cervix to detect abnormal changes.
• Paralysis: The loss of muscle function in part of the body, which can be due to injury, stroke, or disease.
• Paranoia: An irrational and persistent feeling that people are “out to get you,” which can be associated with mental health conditions like schizophrenia.
• Parkinson’s Disease: A neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, causing symptoms like tremors, stiffness, and balance issues.
• Pathology: The branch of medicine that studies the causes and effects of diseases, often by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids.
• Pediatrics: The branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): An infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria, leading to pain and potential fertility issues.
• Peptic Ulcer: A sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, upper small intestine, or esophagus, often due to H. pylori infection or use of NSAIDs.
• Pericarditis: Inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac surrounding the heart, which can cause sharp chest pain.
• Perinatal: Relating to the period shortly before and after birth, typically from the 20th week of pregnancy to one month after birth.
• Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): A circulatory condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, often causing leg pain during walking.
• Peritoneum: A membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs, involved in conditions like peritonitis.
• Pharmacology: The study of drugs and their effects on the body, often involving drug design, testing, and interactions.
• Phlebotomy: The process of drawing blood from a vein, commonly for diagnostic testing or blood donation.
• Pheochromocytoma: A rare tumor of the adrenal glands that can cause excessive production of hormones, leading to high blood pressure and other symptoms.
• Physical Therapy: A healthcare field focused on improving movement, relieving pain, and restoring physical function and fitness through exercises and treatments.
• Placebo: An inactive substance or treatment that has no therapeutic effect, often used in clinical trials to test the effectiveness of new treatments.
• Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleura, the membranes surrounding the lungs, which can cause sharp chest pain during breathing.
• Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to symptoms like cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age, characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth, and ovarian cysts.
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, causing symptoms like flashbacks and severe anxiety.
• Postpartum: Referring to the period immediately following childbirth, often associated with physical and emotional changes in the mother.
• Prebiotics: Non-digestible fibers that feed beneficial bacteria in the gut, promoting digestive health and immune function.
• Probiotics: Live beneficial bacteria or yeasts that can help restore gut flora balance, often used to support digestive and immune health.
• Prostate: A gland in the male reproductive system that produces fluid to nourish and transport sperm, commonly affected by conditions like prostatitis or prostate cancer.
• Psychiatry: The branch of medicine focused on diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental health disorders.
• Pulmonary Embolism (PE): A blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually caused by a blood clot, which can be life-threatening.
• Pupil: The black circular opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
• Pyelonephritis: A type of urinary tract infection that reaches the kidneys, causing symptoms like fever, back pain, and frequent urination.

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Q

• Quadriplegia: Paralysis of all four limbs, typically resulting from injury or illness affecting the spinal cord.
• Quarantine: A restriction on the movement of people, animals, or goods to prevent the spread of disease.
• Quickening: The first movements of the fetus felt by the mother during pregnancy, usually occurring between 16 and 25 weeks.

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R

• Radiology: A branch of medicine focused on imaging techniques, such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans, to diagnose and treat diseases.
• Registered Nurse (RN): A licensed healthcare professional who provides a wide range of patient care services, from administering medications to c
• Rabies: A viral disease transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, causing brain inflammation and, if untreated, is almost always fatal.
• Radiation Therapy: A treatment that uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors.
• Radiculopathy: A condition caused by compression of a spinal nerve root, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness along the nerve path.
• Renal: Pertaining to the kidneys, such as in renal failure, which is the loss of kidney function.
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A common respiratory virus that can cause severe infections in young children and older adults.
• Retina: The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that converts images into electrical signals sent to the brain.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disorder causing chronic inflammation of the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and deformity.
• Rickets: A condition caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to weakened bones, often seen in children.
• Ringworm: A fungal infection of the skin, scalp, or nails, characterized by red, itchy, ring-shaped rashes.
• Rhinoplasty: A surgical procedure, also known as a “nose job,” performed to reshape or repair the nose.
• Rosacea: A chronic skin condition causing redness and visible blood vessels on the face, sometimes accompanied by pimples.
• Rotator Cuff: A group of muscles and tendons surrounding the shoulder joint, allowing for arm movement and stability.
• Rupture: A break or tear in tissue or an organ, such as a ruptured aneurysm or a ruptured spleen.

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S

• Salmonella: A type of bacteria that causes food poisoning, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.
• Sarcoma: A type of cancer that originates in connective tissues such as bones, muscles, or cartilage.
• Scabies: A contagious skin infestation caused by tiny mites, leading to intense itching and a rash.
• Scoliosis: A sideways curvature of the spine that often occurs during growth spurts before puberty.
• Sepsis: A life-threatening condition caused by the body’s extreme response to an infection, leading to tissue damage and organ failure.
• Septum: The wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart or the nasal passages.
• Shingles: A painful skin rash caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox.
• Shock: A critical condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver sufficient blood to vital organs, often caused by trauma, blood loss, or infection.
• Sickle Cell Disease: A genetic blood disorder where red blood cells are misshapen, leading to blockages in blood flow and causing pain and organ damage.
• Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses, often causing headache, congestion, and facial pain, commonly due to infection.
• Skin Graft: A surgical procedure where skin is transplanted to repair an area of the body that has lost skin due to injury or surgery.
• Sleep Apnea: A sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts, often causing daytime fatigue and health risks if untreated.
• Spinal Cord Injury: Damage to the spinal cord that can result in loss of sensation, motor control, or even paralysis.
• Spleen: An organ involved in filtering blood, fighting infection, and removing old or damaged red blood cells.
• Sprain: An injury to a ligament caused by overstretching or tearing, commonly affecting joints like the ankle or wrist.
• Statin: A type of medication used to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Stenosis: Abnormal narrowing of a body passage, such as spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spine) or aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aorta).
• Strep Throat: A bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, resulting in sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.
• Stroke: A medical emergency where blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted, leading to brain cell death and potential disability.
• Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Bleeding in the space between the brain and the tissue covering it, often due to a ruptured aneurysm.
• Syncope: Temporary loss of consciousness, commonly known as fainting, often due to a drop in blood pressure.
• Syphilis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, treatable with antibiotics but potentially severe if untreated.
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, affecting skin, joints, kidneys, and other organs.

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• Tachycardia: An abnormally fast heart rate, generally over 100 beats per minute in adults, which can be due to stress, fever, or heart issues.
• Tendinitis: Inflammation of a tendon, commonly caused by overuse or injury, resulting in pain and tenderness near joints.
• Thalassemia: A genetic blood disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin production, leading to anemia and other complications.
• Thrombectomy: A surgical procedure to remove a blood clot from a blood vessel, often used in cases of stroke.
• Thrombosis: The formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel, which can obstruct blood flow and cause complications like deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
• Thyroid: A gland in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism, energy, and overall body function.
• Tinnitus: The perception of ringing or noise in the ears, often associated with hearing loss, ear injury, or exposure to loud sounds.
• Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils, usually due to infection, causing sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever.
• Toxemia: The presence of toxins in the blood, commonly seen in conditions like eclampsia in pregnancy.
• Tracheostomy: A surgical procedure creating an opening in the neck to place a tube into the windpipe, allowing direct access to the lungs.
• Trauma: A physical injury or emotional shock, often requiring immediate medical or psychological intervention.
• Triglycerides: A type of fat found in the blood, high levels of which can increase the risk of heart disease.
• Tuberculosis (TB): A contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, causing cough, fever, and weight loss.
• Tumor: An abnormal growth of tissue that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
• Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune disease where the body attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to high blood sugar levels.
• Type 2 Diabetes: A chronic condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough insulin, commonly associated with obesity and lifestyle factors.

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U

• Ulcer: A sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or skin, commonly due to infections or prolonged pressure.
• Ulcerative Colitis: A chronic inflammatory bowel disease causing inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum, leading to abdominal pain and diarrhea.
• Ultrasound: An imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal organs, often used in prenatal care.
• Umbilical Cord: The cord that connects a developing fetus to the placenta, providing nutrients and oxygen and removing waste.
• Ureter: The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.
• Urethra: The tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body, and also carries semen in males.
• Uric Acid: A waste product found in the blood, high levels of which can lead to gout or kidney stones.
• Urinary Incontinence: The loss of bladder control, causing accidental urine leakage, common in older adults.
• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): An infection in any part of the urinary system, commonly causing pain, frequent urination, and cloudy urine.
• Urologist: A doctor specializing in the urinary tract and male reproductive system.

V

• Vaccine: A biological preparation that provides immunity to a specific infectious disease by stimulating the body’s immune system.
• Varicose Veins: Swollen, twisted veins visible under the skin, often in the legs, caused by weakened valves in the veins.
• Vasculitis: Inflammation of blood vessels, which can lead to blood flow restriction and damage to organs.
• Vasectomy: A surgical procedure for male sterilization, involving cutting or blocking the vas deferens to prevent sperm from reaching semen.
• Vein: A blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart.
• Vena Cava: The large vein that returns blood to the heart from the body; divided into the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
• Vertigo: A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by inner ear problems or vestibular nerve issues.
• Viral Load: The amount of virus present in the bloodstream, commonly measured in HIV and hepatitis infections.
• Virus: A tiny infectious agent that can only reproduce inside living cells, causing diseases like the flu, measles, and COVID-19.
• Vital Signs: Key health indicators that include body temperature, pulse, respiration rate, and blood pressure.
• Vitamin Deficiency: A condition caused by a lack of essential vitamins, leading to health issues like scurvy or anemia.

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W

• Wart: A small, hard growth on the skin caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).
• White Blood Cells (WBCs): Cells in the blood that fight infections and play a role in immunity, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.
• Whiplash: A neck injury caused by rapid forward and backward movement of the head, often resulting from car accidents.
• Wilson’s Disease: A genetic disorder causing excessive copper buildup in the body, which can lead to liver and neurological damage.
• Wound Care: The medical care given to a wound, including cleaning, dressing, and monitoring for infection.

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X

• Xanthoma: A skin condition where fatty deposits form under the skin, often linked to high cholesterol levels.
• Xeroderma: A condition of abnormally dry skin, often due to environmental factors or underlying medical conditions.
• Xerostomia: A condition also known as dry mouth, often resulting from reduced saliva production, medication side effects, or certain diseases.
• X-Ray: A diagnostic imaging technique that uses electromagnetic waves to produce images of bones and other dense structures.

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Y

• Yeast Infection: An infection caused by overgrowth of Candida fungus, commonly affecting the mouth, skin, and genital area.
• Yellow Fever: A viral infection spread by mosquitoes, causing symptoms such as fever, jaundice, and bleeding, often in tropical regions.
• Yolk Sac: An early structure in embryonic development that provides nutrients to the developing embryo before the placenta forms.

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Z

• Zinc Deficiency: A lack of zinc in the body, which can affect immune function, wound healing, and growth.
• Zoonotic Disease: An infectious disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans, such as rabies, Lyme disease, and Ebola.
• Zygote: The cell formed by the fusion of sperm and egg during fertilization, which eventually develops into an embryo.